The horseradish plant, also known as the Armoracia rusticana, grows from a hardy white root, which cultures throughout the world use for flavoring. The hardy horseradish plant thrives perennially, resulting in a plentiful harvest of fresh root. Unfortunately, the pungent aroma and flavor fade from the horseradish root one to two months after harvesting. A variety of preservation methods will let you enjoy spicy horseradish all year long.